Antigen-based rapid diagnostics tests (RADT ag.)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcal urinary antigen test) | 12 studies | 2,826 individuals

All studies were performed at a hospital-based setting and 11 evaluated the Alere BinaxNOW test, showing an overall sensitivity of 70% (CI, 60% to 79%) and specificity of 83% (CI, 63% to 93%).

Influenza | 143 studies | 69,699 individuals

Overall, 118 studies reported on immunochromatographic assays (ICA) for influenza A/B, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 69% (CI, 64% to 74%) and 97% (CI, 96% to 98%), respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested a better performance in children compared to adults [sensitivity: 74% (CI, 63% to 82%) and 65% (CI, 47% to 79%), respectively; specificity: 98% (CI, 96% to 99%) and 96% (CI, 92% to 98%), respectively].

Espline Influenza A&B-N (Fujirebio, Japan) and Veritor Flu A+B (BD Becton Dickinson, USA), provided the best sensitivities [85% (CI, 71% to 93%) and 84% (IC, 70% to 92%), respectively] with similar specificity.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) | 35 studies | 16,110 individuals

22 (63%) studies were conducted in children showing a sensitivity of 83% (CI, 77% to 87%) and a specificity of 97% (CI, 95% to 98%).

Sofia® RSV FIA and BinaxNOW RSV showed the best performance in the brand subgroup analysis [sensitivity: 84% (CI, 77% to 89%) and 84% (CI, 71% to 91%) respectively; specificity: 96% (CI, 88% to 99) and 96% (CI, 86% to 99%) respectively]. Subgroup analysis only possible for WHO region did not highlight a significant impact on diagnostic accuracy .

Human-metapneumovirus (hMPV) | 5 studies | 1,578 individuals

In pooled analysis of RADTs in detecting hMPV in 5 studies, overall sensitivity and specificity were 59% (CI, 36% to 78%) and 99% (CI, 95% to 100%).

Meta-analysis results visualisation